Reflecting on Fifty Years Since the National Emergency in India: A Historical Overview

Abstract

The Indian Emergency: The overthrow of the constitution was declared in India on 26 June 1975 and is still one of the most controversial political events to have occurred in the country. Now, fifty years later, the episode continues to influence debates about democracy, civil rights and constitutional powers. This article offers a compact and lucid summary of the 1975–77 Emergency: why it was declared, what followed, and its consequences as well as legacy. It seeks to explore why the Emergency happened, how it was put into practice, and what lessons it carries for India today. Drawing on historical references, official records and academic observations, the paper argues that it is both a moment of profound crisis and an essential turning point in India’s democratic journey.