International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology (IJMRAST) is an International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary, Monthly Journal. As a multi-disciplinary journal, it covers a wide range of scientific disciplines, including but not limited to Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Agriculture, Computer Science, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics, Hindi, English, Sanskrit, Geography, Economics, Psychology, History, Commerce and Management, Sociology, Education, Social Sciences and Applied Sciences. This diverse scope allows researchers from different disciplines to collaborate and contribute to the collective understanding of modern science and technology.
ਅਮਨਪਾਲ ਸਾਰਾ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਹਾਣੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਾਰੀ-ਚੇਤਨਾ ਅਤੇ ਨਵੀਂ ਪੀੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੇ ਅੰਤਰ-ਦਵੰਦ
ਪਰਵਾਸੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਪਰਵਾਸੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਕਹਾਣੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਮਨ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਭਵਾਂ, ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰਕ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਰੀ ਹੋਂਦ ਦੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ-ਮਨੋਵਿਗਿਆਨਿਕ ਪੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਗੰਭੀਰ ਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਣ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ । ਪਰਵਾਸੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਕਹਾਣੀ ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਧਰਤੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਆਪਣੀਆਂ ਜੜ੍ਹਾਂ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਟੁੱਟਣ-ਜੁੜਨ ਦੇ ਸੰਘਰਸ਼ ਅਤੇ ਯਥਾਰਥ ਨੂੰ ਬਾਰੀਕੀ ਨਾਲ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ । ਅਮਨਪਾਲ ਸਾਰਾ ਵਰਗੇ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਪਰਵਾਸੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਕਹਾਣੀਕਾਰਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਹਾਣੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੇਗਾਨੀ ਧਰਤੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਨਵੀਂ ਪੀੜ੍ਹੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਔਰਤ ਦੀ ਦੁਚਿੱਤੀ, ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਸੰਘਰਸ਼, ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ ਦੀ ਪੁਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਪੁਰਖ-ਪ੍ਰਭੂਤਾਵਾਦੀ ਸੰਸਕਾਰਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਟੱਕਰ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਵੇਦਨਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਉਕੇਰਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ । ਇਹ ਖੋਜ ਪੱਤਰ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਸਮਾਜ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ ਕਾਲ ਤੋਂ ਚਲੀ ਆ ਰਹੀ ਪੁਰਖ-ਪ੍ਰਭੂਤਾ, ਲਿੰਗ-ਭੇਦ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਰੀ ਅਧੀਨਗੀ ਦੀ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਦਾ ਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਣ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ ਇਹ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਅਮਨਪਾਲ ਸਾਰਾ ਦੀ ਗਲਪ-ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਔਰਤ ਆਪਣੇ ਸਰੀਰਕ ਤੇ ਆਤਮਿਕ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਲਈ ਜੂਝਦੀ ਹੋਈ ਇੱਕ ਨਵੀਂ ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰਕ ਤੇ ਮਨੋਵਿਗਿਆਨਿਕ ਪਛਾਣ ਦਾ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ । ਇਹ ਨਵੀਂ ਪੀੜ੍ਹੀ ਦੀ ਜਦੋਂ ਜਹਿਦ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਬਾਖੂਬੀ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ ।
ਪਰਵਾਸੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਕਹਾਣੀ, ਨਵੀਂ ਪੀੜ੍ਹੀ, ਨਾਰੀ ਹੋਂਦ ਤੇ ਮਨੋਵਿਗਿਆਨ , ਪੁਰਖ-ਪ੍ਰਭੂਤਾ , ਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ-ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰਕ ਪਛਾਣ , ਲਿੰਗ ਭੇਦ-ਭਾਵ , ਆਤਮਿਕ ਸੰਘਰਸ਼.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Women's Reservation Act, 2023: Constitutional Evolution, Political Dynamics and Challenges of Implementation in India
The enactment of the Women's Reservation Act, 2023, marks a significant constitutional development in India's democratic framework after nearly twenty-seven years of legislative and political debate. Although the proposal for reserving seats for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies was introduced repeatedly between 1996 and 2010, it failed to secure parliamentary approval on several occasions. The Act, however, was finally enacted in 2023 with an overwhelming parliamentary majority, representing an important milestone in the pursuit of women's political representation. This study examines the constitutional evolution, political dynamics, and implementation challenges associated with the Women's Reservation Act, 2023. It traces the historical debates surrounding women's reservation, beginning with the deliberations in the Constituent Assembly, where several prominent women members opposed legislative reservation in favour of equality based on merit and opportunity. The paper further analyses the constitutional provisions introduced through the Act, particularly the proposal to reserve one-third of the seats in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies, including seats reserved for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The study also critically examines the practical obstacles that may delay the implementation of the Act. The linkage of women's reservation with the completion of the national Census and the subsequent delimitation exercise has emerged as one of its most significant challenges. The paper discusses concerns regarding regional political representation, the prolonged suspension of delimitation, the exclusion of Other Backward Classes (OBC) women, the implications of constituency rotation, and the uncertainty surrounding the actual enforcement of the legislation. Finally, the study explores the changing political consensus that enabled the passage of the Act, highlighting the growing electoral significance of women voters in India. It concludes that while the Women's Reservation Act, 2023 represents a historic legislative achievement, its democratic objectives will depend substantially on the timely completion of constitutional and administrative processes required for its implementation.
Women's Reservation Act, 2023; Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam; Women's Political Representation; Constitutional Amendment; Parliamentary Democracy; Delimitation; Census; Electoral Politics; Gender Equality; Political Participation; Legislative Reservation; India.
Gender Differences in Sports Participation Attitudes
This research investigates the gender disparities in attitudes towards sports participation, with a particular emphasis on the social, psychological, and institutional elements that determine the level of involvement in physical activities that is displayed by males and females. There are still discrepancies in terms of participation rates, motives, and perceived impediments in sports, despite the fact that there have been greater initiatives to achieve gender parity in sports. The research investigates the ways in which established gender norms, access to resources, parental support, peer influence, and media portrayal all have a role in shaping individuals' opinions from a young age. According to the findings, males tend to demonstrate more positive attitudes and higher levels of confidence in competitive sports contexts, whereas females are more likely to experience feelings of self-consciousness, concerns about safety, and societal discouragement regarding their participation in sports. The findings of this study highlight the need of designing sports settings that are inclusive, implementing targeted interventions, and reforming policies in order to cultivate fair attitudes and increase participation across genders. The educators, coaches, and lawmakers who are working to close the gender gap in sports must have a solid understanding of these inequalities in order to be successful.
Virtual PE: Challenges and Benefits of Online Physical Education
Introducing both opportunities and obstacles, the transfer to virtual platforms in education has had a considerable influence on the delivery of physical education (PE), which has been a subject of significant change. The purpose of this research is to investigate the landscape of online physical education by analysing its efficacy, accessibility, and the degree to which it satisfies the objectives of physical, social, and cognitive development. Virtual physical education has a number of advantages, including the increase in flexibility, the use of cutting-edge fitness applications and monitoring technologies, and the capacity to reach a wide range of student groups. On the other hand, substantial barriers continue to exist, such as decreased physical involvement, a lack of equipment and space at home, less connection with peers, and difficulty in monitoring and evaluating performance. The study emphasises the significance of adaptation on the part of teachers, motivation on the part of students, and engagement of parents in successfully implementing virtual physical education. Hybrid models, gamification, and increased digital training for instructors are some of the recommendations that have been made for enhancing the delivery of physical education online. The research highlights the importance of adopting a well-rounded strategy that integrates contemporary technical advancements with pedagogical sensitivity in order to guarantee the comprehensive growth of students.
Educational Interventions and Classroom Strategies for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study of CRSR, Bhadrak, Odisha, India
The present study aimed to examine the educational interventions and classroom strategies for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at the Center for Rehabilitation Services and Research (CRSR), Bhadrak, Odisha, India. A case study research design with a qualitative approach was adopted for this study. A total of 17 participants, including 8 children with ASD (aged 12–18 years), 5 special educators, and 4 therapists, were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and structured classroom observations and the collected data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results of the study revealed four major educational interventions such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, behavioral therapy, and sensory regulation therapy. In addition, three major classroom strategy domains emerged, including teaching and instructional strategies, communication and support strategies, and behavior management strategies. The study also identified key challenges faced by special educators, such as a lack of training and difficulties with emotional regulation during classroom interactions. The findings highlight the importance of integrated, individualized, and multisensory intervention approaches for improving communication, behavior, and learning outcomes of children with ASD. The study recommends strengthening professional training, classroom support systems, and evidence-based intervention practices to enhance inclusive education for children with ASD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder, educational interventions, classroom strategies, special education, speech therapy, occupational therapy, sensory regulation, inclusive education
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND SELF-REGULATED LEARNING OF STUDENTS
The aim of this study was to examine the empirical association between emotional intelligence (EI) and self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies of university students. This study employed a cross-sectional correlational research design with a stratified random sample of 380 undergraduate students in different fields of study who filled out two normative instruments, the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the quantitative data. The results showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between emotional intelligence and self-regulated learning (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). The dimensions of emotional intelligence showed that the highest correlation with the employment of cognitive and metacognitive strategies were the regulation of emotion and the use of emotion. There were no significant gender differences for the total correlation, but the females had higher scores in the appraisal of emotions. The results suggest that emotionally competent students are more likely to be able to regulate, control, and maintain their learning activities, handle academic stress, and use appropriate cognitive strategies. The findings in this study highlight the need to include SE interventions as part of the curriculum for higher education institutions in order to build up strong SRL structures and enhance academic retention.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology (IJMRAST) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Computational Screening of Plant-Derived Biopesticide Candidates Using Molecular Descriptors, Insect-Target Scoring, and Machine Learning
Synthetic insecticides remain effective, but rising resistance and harm to non-target species have renewed interest in plant-derived alternatives. Compounds such as azadirachtin, the pyrethrins, rotenone, and nicotine have shaped the history of pest control, and many more plant metabolites are likely to have insecticidal potential. To explore this chemical space systematically, we assembled 97 phytochemicals, 51 with reported insecticidal activity and 46 common plant metabolites without such activity, and processed them through an open-source cheminformatics pipeline. For each molecule we computed 18 physicochemical descriptors, scored similarity to known actives across eight insect molecular targets (acetylcholinesterase, juvenile hormone esterase, ecdysone receptor, chitin synthase, voltage-gated sodium channel, GABA-gated chloride channel, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and midgut aminopeptidase N), and trained five classifiers. Random Forest performed best (test accuracy = 0.92, ROC-AUC = 0.987). The most discriminating features were lipophilicity (LogP), hydrogen-bond donor count, and molar refractivity, exactly the properties that govern insect cuticle penetration. A consensus score combining target similarity, similarity to actives, and insecticide-likeness ranked Tephrosin, Limonin, Quassin, Nimbin, Rotenone, Pyrethrin II, Gedunin, and Deguelin at the top, all compounds with established insecticidal activity. The pipeline recovers known biology from a small, heterogeneous dataset and offers a transparent triage tool for prioritising plant compounds in early biopesticide discovery.
ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ਅਧਿਆਤਮਕਤਾ, ਵਾਸਤਵਿਕ ਜੀਵਨ-ਜਾਚ ਅਤੇ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ
ਸਮੁੱਚੇ ਰੂਪ ਵਿਚ ਵਿਚਾਰਦਿਆਂ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ, ਜੀਵਨ ਨੂੰ ਇਹਦੇ ਅਸਲੇ ਨਾਲ ਜੋੜਨ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਕਦਮ ਦਿਖਾਵੇਬਾਜ਼ੀ ਤੋਂ ਉੱਪਰ ਉੱਠ ਕੇ ਸਾਦਗੀ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਰਤ ਕਰਮ ਵਿਚ ਰੁੱਝ ਕੇ ਅਪਣਾਉਣ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ‘ਨਿਰਭਉ‘ ਅਤੇ ‘ਨਿਰਵੈਰੁ‘ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਦੇਖਿਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। ਜਿਥੇ ਜਾ ਕੇ ਊਚ-ਨੀਚ, ਵੱਡੇ-ਛੋਟੇ, ਇਸਤਰੀ-ਮਰਦ ਆਦਿ ਦੇ ਸਮੁੱਚੇ ਭੇਦ-ਭਾਵ ਮਿਟ ਜਾਣ ਜਾਂ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਹੋ ਜਾਣ। ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਖੋਜ ਪੇਪਰ ਦਾ ਮਨੋਰਥ ਕੇਵਲ ਅਧਿਆਤਮਿਕਤਾ ਦੇ ਮਾਰਗ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਵਾਸਤਵਿਕ ਜੀਵਨ ਜਿਊਣ ਦੀ ਜਾਂਚ ਤਰਜ਼ ਏ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਹੈ, ਭਾਵ “ਕਿਵ ਸਚਿਆਰਾ ਹੋਈਐ...“ ਕਿ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਅੰਦਰ ਰਹਿੰਦਿਆਂ ਇਕ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਹੋ-ਜਿਹਾ ਜੀਵਨ ਜਿਊਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਸਚਿਆਰੇ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਭਾਵ ਚੰਗੇ ਇਨਸਾਨ ਬਣ ਸਕੀਏ। ਪੂਰਨ ਰੂਪ ਵਿਚ ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਜੀਵਨ ਨੂੰ ਢਾਲਣਾ ਹਾਰੀ-ਸਾਰੀ (ਹਰ ਆਮ) ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਨਹੀਂ, ਪਰ ਫਿਰ ਵੀ ਇਨਸਾਨ ਇਸ ਫ਼ਾਨੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਵਿਚ ਕੀ ਕਰਨ ਆਇਆ ਹੈ? ਕੀ ਕਰ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਉਹਨੇ ਏਹ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਤੋਂ ਕੀ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਜਾਣਾ ਹੈ? ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ਦੇ ਅਸੀਂ ਕਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਕੁ ਨੇੜੇ ਹਾਂ, ਇਹ ਜਾਨਣ ਲਈ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਅਮਲਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਮੁੱਚੀ ਛਾਣ-ਬੀਣ ਕਰਨੀ ਅਤਿ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ। ਸੋ, ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਅਤੇ ਦਸ ਗੁਰੂ ਸਹਿਬਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਮੁੱਚੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਜੀਵਨ ਤੋਂ ਇਸਦੀ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਨਾ ਲਈ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਜੀਵਨ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਦਗੀ ਦੇ ਨੇੜੇ ਲਿਆ ਸਕੀਏ, ਪਦਾਰਥਕਤਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਉੱਪਰ ਉੱਠ ਕੇ ਸ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ ਦੀ ਸਿਰਜਨਾਤਮਕ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਦਾ ਅਨੁਭਵ ਵੀ ਕਰ ਸਕੀਏ, ਭਾਵੇਂ ਇਸ ਪਰਚੇ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਨੂੰ ਆਧਾਰ ਬਣਾਇਆ ਹੈ ਪਰੰਤੂ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਤੱਥਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੂਪਮਾਨਗੀਂ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਦਸਵੇਂ ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ ਤੱਕ ਦੇ ਸਮੁੱਚੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਜੀਵਨ ਵਿਚ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਮਾਨ ਹੋ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।
ਸਚਿਆਰਾ ਮਨੁੱਖ, ਮੁੱਲਵਾਨ ਤੋਂ ਅਮੁੱਲਤਾ, ਪਵਿੱਤਰ ਜੀਵਨ, ਅਮਲ, ਸਾਦਗੀ, ਨਿਰਭਉ ਅਤੇ ਨਿਰਵੈਰ।
Development and Psychometric Validation of a Linguistic Intelligence Scale
Linguistic intelligence is one of the multiple intelligences proposed by psychologist Howard Gardner. It refers to the capacity to use language effectively and skillfully, including the ability to understand, analyze, and communicate with words in various forms. Individuals with linguistic intelligence excel in reading, writing, speaking, and listening. They are adept at using language to express complex ideas, persuade others, tell stories, and convey emotions. They may also have a strong sensitivity to the nuances and subtleties of language, such as wordplay, metaphors, and symbolism. The investigator developed and standardized a linguistic intelligence scale for college students and teachers. A simple random sampling technique was employed for data collection. To determine the reliability of the scale, the Goodness of Fit Test and Cronbach’s Alpha method were used. The preliminary draft of the linguistic intelligence scale consisted of 41 items. After item analysis, 36 items were retained in the final version of the scale. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s Alpha) of the finalized scale was found to be 0.83, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Thus, the linguistic intelligence scale was found to be highly reliable and suitable for use among college students and school and college teachers.
Psychometric Analysis; Linguistic Proficiency; Brainstorming; Logical Intelligence
Sustainable mining practices and mitigation strategic at Pachami Stone Field area: A Road Map for Future Development
Sustainable mining seeks to balance mineral extraction with environmental protection, social equity, and economic growth to meet present needs without compromising future generations. In India, stone and aggregate mining supports infrastructure but often causes land degradation, dust pollution, groundwater depletion, and biodiversity loss. Traditional practices of uncontrolled blasting, open dumping of overburden, and poor mine closure have intensified these impacts. These abstract highlights a paradigm shift toward “responsible extraction” guided by science, technology, and policy. Sustainable thinking begins with proper sitting and cluster-based mining to minimize scattered pits and land disturbance. Advanced practices include wet drilling, fog cannons, covered conveyors, and green belts to control particulate matter. Controlled blasting with electronic detonators reduces noise and vibration, while garland drains and siltation ponds prevent water pollution. Importantly, zero-waste models convert overburden and stone dust into M-sand, bricks, and construction fill, aligning mining with circular economy principles.
Sustainable mining, Environmental protection, Biodiversity, Green belts, Technology, Policy
MAPPING DIFFICULT TOPICS IN HUMAN ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY: BASIS FOR INTERACTIVE LEARNING TOOL
Anatomy and Physiology is a foundational subject critical in Health Science Education. However, due to its complexity it often makes it difficult for the students to master. This study specifically aimed to identify the top three (3) most difficult topics in human anatomy and physiology among Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Technology students and use the findings of the assessment as the basis for developing an interactive learning tool. A developmental research design was employed, which utilizes a 100-item multiple choice assessment based on a Table of Specification covering the ten (10) major body systems. A total of 38 purposively selected respondents participated in the study. Descriptive Statistics and an independent t-test were utilized to analyze learner’s performance and determine significant differences based on sex. Results revealed that students demonstrated strong understanding of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, skeletal and reproductive systems with 83% of respondents scoring above 60%. However, moderate performance was observed in the endocrine system, while the cardiovascular, nervous and lymphatic systems were identified as the top three most challenging areas in the subject. Additionally, findings also showed that both male and female students shared similar areas of difficulty specifically in systems which requires integration of anatomical and physiological concepts. Based on these results, an offline interactive mobile application named Anatomix was developed to address identified learning gaps through features such as flashcards, interactive modules and gamified quizzes. The study highlights the need for an innovative technology-enhanced instructional approaches in order to support deeper understanding of complex anatomical systems. Future researchers are hereby recommended to expand the scope of the application Anatomix through incorporating more body systems, enhancing adaptive multimedia features, adapting modules for other allied health programs and conducting formal evaluations to validate its effectiveness when in comes to improving anatomy and physiology learning outcomes.
Bridging The Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Gap: An Empirical Study on AI Literacy in Secondary School Level
Background: Over, the past two decades the artificial intelligence (AI) has provoked a significant discourse on the rise of AI in shaping society, especially in education system. Especially, The integration of AI in education has gained momentum,with AI tools like ChatGPT and Gemini increasingly influencing teaching and learning processes. However, the role of secondary school teachers, particularly how gender influences their AI adoption and literacy, remains underexplored. This study investigates gender-based patterns in AI application usage, confidence, and perceived challenges among secondary school teachers, aiming to identify any disparities and inform inclusive professional development. Results: Survey data from 100 secondary school teachers revealed no statistically significant gender differences in general AI use, content creation, lesson clarification, and problem-solving. Both male and female teachers demonstrated comparable interaction levels with AI tools, as reflected in weak and non-significant correlations. However, a significant gender gap was found in selecting AI tools for updating professional knowledge, with male teachers reporting greater confidence (69%) than female teachers (48%). This result was statistically significant (p = 0.024) and moderately correlated (r = 0.213), suggesting differential exposure to AI training or access to digital resources. Overall, while gender was not a major factor in most AI literacy dimensions, this particular gap indicates a need for targeted intervention. Conclusions: The study concludes that AI adoption among secondary teachers is not significantly influenced by gender in most dimensions. However, the observed disparity in professional development usage highlights the importance of equitable access to AI training. These findings support the need for inclusive, gender-sensitive policies and professional development programs to bridge confidence and usage gaps. Empowering all educators with the necessary skills to integrate AI effectively will be crucial for maximizing its educational potential.
Balancing Washington and Moscow: India's Multi-Alignment Strategy in the 21st Century
India is pursuing a delicate balance between its ties with Washington and Moscow, referred to as “multi-alignment.” This strategy strengthens relationships with both the United States and Russia without fully committing to either. Historical ties to the Non-Aligned Movement and domestic concerns about sovereignty shape this approach. The evolving India–U.S. partnership has shifted from a defensive stance to a broader geopolitical engagement, allowing India to maintain its long-time bond with Russia. However, India’s connection with Russia has become more transactional, due to the limited security options Russia provides. Additionally, increasing Chinese assertiveness complicates India's strategic landscape. While India aims for multi-alignment, the rising influence of China and the closer Beijing–Moscow ties raise concerns about maintaining a stable balance. (D. Muraviev et al., 2022)
Multi-Alignment Strategy, strategic landscape, Non-Aligned Movement.
SHATTERED EXPECTATIONS: QUALITATIVE INSIGHTS INTO PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING THROUGH SUICIDAL NARRATIVES OF MEDICAL ASPIRANTS
World Health Organization underscores mental health as a universal human right and a cornerstone of Sustainable Development Goal 3, the rising suicides among India’s medical aspirants expose a silent crisis undermining young mind’s well-being and the future of healthcare. Without mental strength, even the most brilliant minds may falter; with it, even the most challenging journeys become survivable. The increasing number of suicides among National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) aspirants in India presents a disturbing trend that highlights the urgent need to examine the psychological well-being of youth pursuing a career in medicine. This qualitative study analyses secondary data from a range of national news media sources, documenting suicide cases from 2023 to 2025 involving medical aspirants. Despite the expansion of medical institutions and rising competition in entrance examinations, there is limited scientific exploration regarding psychological wellbeing of these aspirants. The study critically explores contributing factors such as academic pressure, repeated failure, parental expectations, isolation in coaching environments, financial constraints, and the absence of structured mental health support. Drawing insights from the related literatures, this paper identifies core thematic areas including personal, institutional stressors, family-related challenges that affect aspirants’ mental health and established the theoretical linkages of suicidal hazards in present scenario. The findings underscore the need for multi-level interventions, including mental health education, counselling infrastructure, coping strategies and longitudinal tracking of students’ psychological well-being. The study calls for urgent policy attention and research efforts to mitigate the psychosocial risks among aspirants and build a resilient healthcare education system.
Psychological Wellbeing, Suicide, Medical aspirants, Sustainable Development Goal 3
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy for Enhancing Secondary School Students’ Science Achievement and Emotional Intelligence: An Integrative Review
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy (CRP) is one of current pedagogical approach which help to transform that enhancing equity among children, inclusion at institution and meaningful learning in the classrooms. These integrative reviewees synthesize literature (2000–2025), with emphasis on recent studies (2020–2025), to examine the role of CRP in enhancing secondary school students’ science achievement and emotional intelligence (EI). Grounded in constructivist, sociocultural and social-emotional learning (SEL) theories, the review highlights how cultural impact and associate teaching practices improve engagement, conceptual understanding and socio-emotional competencies. The reviewees findings indicate that CRP enhances science achievement among students in 21st century and also create motivation with the learner and learner identity. This approach is fostering emotional awareness, empathy and interpersonal skills these qualities help to students’ holistic development in natural way. However, limited empirical evidence directly links CRP with EI in science education. The study emphasizes the need for further research and outlines implications for classroom practice, teacher education and policy to support holistic development.
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy, Science Achievement, Emotional Intelligence, Secondary Education, Social-Emotional Learning, Integrative Review
Alumni as Catalysts of Institutional Development within the Framework of Indian Knowledge Systems
This paper examines the role of alumni engagement in higher education with a particular focus on its relevance to institutional development and the promotion of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS). A notable gap persists between the recognized importance of alumni engagement and its systematic implementation, especially in relation to IKS. Adopting a qualitative, conceptual research design, the study synthesizes existing literature to analyze the multidimensional contributions of alumni and their potential in integrating traditional knowledge within modern academic frameworks. The findings indicate that alumni significantly enhance academic quality, employability, and institutional visibility through mentoring, networking, and resource support. The study further reveals that alumni can serve as key agents in preserving indigenous knowledge, enriching curricula, and fostering culturally grounded innovation. The paper concludes that a more structured and strategic alignment of alumni engagement with IKS principles can contribute to holistic, sustainable, and contextually relevant higher education systems.
विद्यार्थियो के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य पर अभिप्रेरणा, आत्मदया और जीवन गुणवत्ता का प्रभाव
मनोवैज्ञानिक तनाव से ग्रस्त छात्रों में करुणापूर्ण सोच का अभ्यास करने वाले छात्रों की तुलना में नकारात्मक भावनाएँ काफी अधिक होती हैं। शैक्षणिक प्रेरणा, आत्म-करुणा और आत्म-आलोचना मानसिक स्वास्थ्य से दृढ़ता से संबंधित हैं। जो छात्र अध्ययन के लिए प्रेरित होते हैं, स्वयं के प्रति दयालु होते हैं और स्वयं के प्रति कम आलोचनात्मक होते हैं, उनमें मानसिक स्वास्थ्य का स्तर उच्च होता है। आज के तेजी से बदलते सामाजिक परिवेश में, छात्रों के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य और शैक्षणिक उपलब्धियों के बीच संबंध पर लगातार ध्यान दिया जा रहा है । यह संबंध न केवल व्यक्तिगत छात्रों के विकास से जुड़ा है, बल्कि कॉलेजों और विश्वविद्यालयों में शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता और समाज में प्रतिभा के विकास पर भी गहरा प्रभाव डालता है प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उदेश्य ही विद्यार्थियो के मानसिक स्वास्थ पर अभिप्रेरणा, आत्म दया और जीवन गुणवत्ता का प्रभाव का अध्ययन करना है ।
मानसिक स्वास्थ्य, शैक्षणिक प्रेरणा, आत्म-करुणा, आत्म-आलोचना, जीवन गुणवत्ता
जल, स्मृति और संस्कृति: राजस्थान की लोक परंपराओं में जल का सांस्कृतिक भूगोल
यह शोधपत्र राजस्थान की लोककथाओं, लोकगीतों, कहावतों और सामाजिक & धार्मिक परंपराओं में जल नदियों और वर्षा की महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका का विश्लेषण करता है। राजस्थान अपनी शुष्क जलवायु और सीमित जल संसाधनों के बावजूद एक समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक परंपरा का धनी है जहाँ जल को केवल भौतिक संसाधन के रूप में नहीं बल्कि जीवन पवित्रता और सामूहिक चेतना के प्रतीक के रूप में देखा जाता है। शोध के दौरान यह पाया गया कि लोकगीतों में वर्षा का आह्वान और सूखे की पीड़ा को गहराई से व्यक्त किया गया है। गणगौर जैसे त्योहारों में स्थानीय जल स्रोतों की पूजा यह दर्शाती है कि समाज ने जल को धार्मिक और सामाजिक जीवन का अभिन्न हिस्सा बनाया है। विवाह, जन्म और मृत्यु से जुड़े अनुष्ठानों में जल का उपयोग यह दर्शाता है कि यह तत्व न केवल जीवनदायी है बल्कि आध्यात्मिक शांति और मोक्ष का माध्यम भी है। शोध के लिए पारंपरिक साहित्य की समीक्षा पुस्तकीय अध्ययन और स्थानीय बुजुर्गों एवं लोक कलाकारों के साक्षात्कार के माध्यम से मौखिक साक्ष्यों का उपयोग किया गया है। अध्ययन से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि राजस्थान के लोकगीतों में वर्षा और जल को जीवनदायिनी शक्ति के रूप में चित्रित किया गया है जबकि सूखे से संबंधित कहानियाँ संघर्ष, सामुदायिक प्रयास और सहनशीलता के प्रतीक हैं। पारंपरिक जल प्रबंधन प्रणालियाँ जैसे बावड़ी, जोहड़ और टांका लोककथाओं और कहावतों के माध्यम से पीढ़ियों से संरक्षित हैं। यह शोध यह निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि राजस्थान की यह समृद्ध लोक संस्कृति न केवल ऐतिहासिक और सामाजिक दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण है, बल्कि आधुनिक जल संरक्षण प्रयासों और जलवायु परिवर्तन की चुनौतियों के लिए भी प्रासंगिक शिक्षाएं प्रदान करती है।
राजस्थान, लोककथाएं, लोकगीत, कहावतें, सूखा, सांस्कृतिक भूगोल
Language as a Medium of Cultural Heritage Preservation: A Narrative Review in the Context of the National Education Policy 2020
Language serves as the fundamental tool for transmitting cultural knowledge, values, and identity across generations, making it essential for preserving cultural heritage in diverse societies. This narrative review examines the role of language in cultural heritage preservation within the framework of National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, synthesizing evidence from 30 scholarly sources published between 2015 and 2026. NEP 2020 represents a paradigm shift by mandating mother tongue instruction up to Grade 5 (preferably Grade 8), revising the Three-Language Formula, and recognizing indigenous and tribal languages as legitimate mediums of instruction. The review reveals that mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) enhances cognitive development, strengthens cultural identity, and improves learning outcomes, particularly for marginalized tribal and linguistic minority communities. Evidence demonstrates that early mother tongue instruction facilitates conceptual understanding, preserves intergenerational knowledge transmission, and promotes educational equity. However, implementation faces significant challenges including inadequate teacher preparation, insufficient pedagogical resources in regional languages, infrastructural gaps, and socio-political resistance favouring English-medium education. The review identifies opportunities through digital technology integration, community-based curriculum development, and culturally responsive pedagogy. Successful implementation requires sustained investment in teacher capacity-building, development of quality bilingual learning materials, and collaborative frameworks involving policymakers, educators, and communities. This paper concludes that NEP 2020's language provisions, if effectively implemented, can transform India's linguistic diversity from a perceived barrier into a valuable asset for both cultural preservation and educational excellence.
A Study on the Impact of Social Media Usage on Academic Performance among College Students
The use of social media influences a lot in the lives of college students, their study, communication and learning patterns. This paper has analyzed the effects of using social media on the academic performance of college students. Our research design was a quantitative cross-sectional study and a structured questionnaire that we distributed via Google Forms. The study involved a total of 100 undergraduate and postgraduate students of between the ages of 18 to 25 years, in the convenience sampling. We have examined the data with the help of descriptive statistics, such as frequency and percentage, and the examination of patterns of its usage and its impact on the academic sphere. The findings revealed that 96 percent of students engaged in social media where WhatsApp (82 percent), YouTube (76 percent), and Instagram (68 percent) were the most common media. The majority of students (60) said that they devoted more than three hours a day on social media, but the use of social media during late nights was most prevalent (40%). The students have mainly relied on social media as a source of entertainment (74%), communication (61%), and education (32%). The results showed a positive and negative impact on academic performance. Most students thought that social media can enhance knowledge (71%), aid academic activities such as assignments (62%), and enhance communication with peers (76%). Nonetheless, the overuse resulted in academic difficulties, including the distractions (59 per cent), a reduced time to study (66 per cent), poor concentration (61 per cent), and the overall negative effect on academic performance (54 per cent). The paper concludes that there is a dual impact of social media on academic performance. It can be used wisely as a learning, collaboration, and engagement tool. Non-academic and excessive use may however lead to distraction, lack of concentration and low productivity among academics. Thus, the balanced and responsible use of social media should be encouraged to ensure that the social media can have the greatest benefits and minimal harm. The findings provided can be useful to teachers, policymakers, and learners in the development of effective measures of utilizing social media in academics.
ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਧੀਰ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਰਚਿਤ ਨਾਵਲ ‘ਸਲਤਨਤ’: ਪੂੰਜੀ ਦਾ ਆਤੰਕ ਬਨਾਮ ਪਰਵਾਸੀ ਜੀਵਨ
ਮਜ਼ਬੂਤ ਆਰਥਿਕ ਜਮਾਤ ਸਹਿਜੇ ਹੀ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਰਸੂਖ਼ ਅਤੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਪੈਂਠ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਰੱਖਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਦਾ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਮੁਲਕਾਂ ਤੱਕ ਬੋਲ-ਬਾਲਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸਨੇ ਪੱਛਮ ਨੂੰ ਨੀਰਸ ਰਵੱਈਆ ਤੇ ਪਦਾਰਥਕ ਮਾਨਤਾਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਹਾਮੀ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਉਸ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਹਵਸ ਦੀ ਚਾਹਤ ਭਰੀ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਮੱਧਵਰਗੀ ਇਨਸਾਨੀ ਬਿਰਤੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਹਿਜੇ ਹੀ ਗ਼ੁਲਾਮੀ ਅਤੇ ਹਵਸ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਬਣਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਘਿਰਿਆ ਇਨਸਾਨ ਨਾ ਘਰ ਦਾ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਤੇ ਨਾ ਘਾਟ ਦਾ। ਨਾਵਲਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਜਸਵੀਰ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਰਨਜੀਤ ਦੀ ਵਾਰਤਾਲਾਪ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਪੁਸ਼ੀ ਦੀ ਜਕੜੀ ਹੋਈ ਮਨੋਦਸ਼ਾ ਨੂੰ ਬਿਆਨ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਯਤਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਸਧਾਰਨ ਜਮਾਤ ਨੂੰ ਲਪੇਟ ਵਿਚ ਲੈਣ ਦੀ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਦੇਹੀ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ ।
ਮਜਬੂਤ ਆਰਥਿਕ ਜਮਾਤ, ਪੱਛਮੀ ਮੁਲਕ, ਸਿਆਸੀ ਰਸੂਖ, ਇਨਸਾਨੀ ਬਿਰਤੀ, ਗੁਲਾਮੀ, ਹਵਸ
Edpuzzle: A Dynamic Tool for Pedagogical Practice
Traditional in-person teaching and printed materials in education has replaced with technology-enhanced learning. Internet and different digital tools are started incorporating in education setting and particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, online resources, digital platforms become essential components of modern pedagogic practices. NEP 2020 promotes this transition to foster student inclusivity, engagement and learning outcomes, by providing support to technology-enabled education and encouraging the use of virtual labs, digital materials, blended learning approaches and interactive platforms. Edpuzzle is a digital educational platform that allows teachers to make a video an interactive lesson by embedding quizzes, questions and notes while tracking responses and progress to make learning engaging and active. This paper explores the advantages of incorporating Edpuzzle as pedagogical tool in the classrooms; it also explores the challenges regarding the integration of Edpuzzle in classroom. For the present study, the investigator employed an exploratory approach to gather information or data from the existing research. To locate relevant articles, scholarly reports and conference papers the investigator has used academic databases such as Scopus, ERIC, Google Scholar and JSTOR etc. Findings indicate that while Edpuzzle supports active learning, critical thinking, and improved student performance, its adoption is hindered by issues such as limited access to technology and internet connectivity, time-intensive content preparation, the learning curve for teachers, and potential student resistance. The study further suggests measures to overcome these barriers in the discussion part.
Edpuzzle, Pedagogical Practice, Technology-Enhanced, Digital platforms.
नई प्रौद्योगिकी का पत्रकारिता में अनुशीलन: हिमाचल प्रदेश के पत्रकारों पर आधारित सर्वेक्षणात्मक अध्ययन
नई प्रौद्योगिकी की बात करें तो इसका प्रभाव प्रत्येक सामाजिक ताने बाने में पड़ता दिख रहा है। जाने अनजाने लगभग सभी लोग इस नई तकनीक का प्रयोग किसी ना किसी रूप में कर रहे हैं और सोशल मीडिया तथा स्मार्टफ़ोन का प्रयोग तो अब एक सामान्य बात है जो न्यू मीडिया के उपयोग की सबसे सरल और सुलभ माध्यम/टूल है। सोशल मीडिया, ब्लॉग, ह्वाट्सऐप, एआर/वीआर,एआई, ब्लॉकचेन और फ़िलहाल मेटावर्स और रोबोटिक्स का मीडिया में प्रयोग एक तीव्र गति के परिवर्तन का द्वोतक है। इन सभी तकनीकों में एआई का प्रयोग तेज़ी से बढ़ रहा है और आने वाले समय में एआई, मेटावर्स और रोबोटिक्स का प्रयोग समाज के हर क्षेत्र में बढ़ता हुआ दिख रहा है। पत्रकारिता में भी इस न्यू मीडिया का प्रयोग काफ़ी तेज़ी से बढ़ा है। विकसित देशों और भारत के मेट्रो सिटीज़ के पत्रकार न्यू मीडिया का प्रयोग बड़े पैमाने पर कर रहे हैं किंतु छोटे शहरों के पत्रकारों में न्यू मीडिया के प्रयोग को लेकर क्या रूख़ है और न्यू मीडिया युग में पत्रकारिता के भविष्य को लेकर क्या विचार हैं यह जानने का प्रयास इस शोध आलेख में किया गया है। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश यह जानने का प्रयास है कि हिमाचल प्रदेश के धर्मशाला शहर के पत्रकारों में न्यू मीडिया को लेकर किस प्रकार का अनुशीलन, विचार और व्यवहार है। यह अध्ययन पूर्ण रूप से अकादमिक है जिसके लिए 15 प्रश्नों की एक सर्वेक्षण प्रश्नावली गूगल फॉर्म पर तैयार कर धर्मशाला शहर में कार्यरत अलग अलग मीडिया हाउसेस के पत्रकारों से प्राप्त उत्तरों का विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत किया गया है।
न्यू मीडिया, नई प्रौद्योगिकी, पत्रकारिता, एआई, सोशल मीडिया, वेब 2.0
Between Silence and Expression: Female Psyche in the Fictional World of Manju Kapur
This paper offers an expanded psychoanalytic–feminist reading of the female psyche in the novels of Manju Kapur, foregrounding the dialectic between silence and expression as a defining feature of women’s subjectivity. Kapur’s fiction stages women’s inner lives as sites of negotiation where desire, repression, guilt, and agency intersect under the pressure of patriarchal norms. By closely analyzing Difficult Daughters, A Married Woman, Home, and The Immigrant, Custody this study demonstrates how silence operates not merely as social imposition but as an internalized psychological condition that fractures identity. Conversely, expression emerges as a contested, often painful process of articulation that signals resistance and self-formation. The paper argues that Kapur’s protagonists move through phases of repression, fragmentation, and partial articulation toward moments of self-awareness and tentative autonomy. Ultimately, Kapur’s literary universe reveals the complexity of women’s psychological experiences, where voice is hard-won and identity remains fluid, negotiated, and incomplete.
Female psyche, silence, expression, repression, identity, psychoanalysis, feminism, Manju Kapur.
Revisiting Interdisciplinarity in Geography: A Qualitative Study of the “Third Conversation” in Indian Higher Education
Collaborative efforts between multiple disciplines have increased in importance when solving global challenges such as climate change, urbanization, pollution and environmental degradation, and social inequality. Geography, which includes both social sciences and natural sciences, is uniquely positioned among disciplines that allow interdisciplinary scholarship to occur. This paper presents a critical analysis of Simon and Graybill’s (2010) concept of the “third conversation,” which promotes normative evaluation of the interdisciplinary experience through reflexive processes. The author undertakes an in-depth qualitative analysis of the actual article to identify the conceptual framework, methodology, and findings. The findings of the analysis present several of geography’s strengths, including integrative methods and spatial relationships; however, barriers and ambiguities impair geographical communications. The relevance of the use of interdisciplinary ideas is supported by the recent release of the National Education Policy 2020 in India, yet there are still institutional and methodological barriers present. The author concludes that the “third conversation” is a remarkable model to propose better interdisciplinary collaboration through reflexive practice and communication.
Interdisciplinarity, Geography, Third Conversation, Reflexivity, Interdisciplinary Research. India.
Mindfulness and Subjective Well-Being among Undergraduate Students in Balasore District of Odisha: A Correlational Study
Sustaining the mental health and well-being of students is the utmost priority in the 21st Century, while Mindfulness has been proven to be a crucial factor to enhance the mental health of individuals with psychological disorders. Still, there is a lack of Indian-specific studies that examined the association between mindfulness and the subjective well-being of students. The present study examined the relationship between mindfulness and the subjective well-being of the undergraduate students of the Balasore district of Odisha. 180 samples were selected randomly from the different degree colleges of Balasore district. A self-developed tool was used to assess the students' subjective well-being, and the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire was used to examine students’ mindfulness. The study revealed that the undergraduate students of Balasore district exhibited an average level of mindfulness and subjective well-being, representing a moderate state of present moment awareness and life satisfaction among undergraduate students. It was also found that gender does not affect these psychological constructs, as no significant difference was found in mindfulness and subjective well-being among undergraduate students in terms of their gender. The study further revealed that there is a moderate to high level of positive correlation between mindfulness and subjective well-being, with a coefficient of correlation value of +0.63, indicating that a higher level of mindfulness is associated with a higher level of well-being among undergraduate students. The study suggests that integrating mindfulness into the curriculum may help in developing students' well-being and ensure better mental health.
Mindfulness, Subjective Well-being, Undergraduate Students, Mental Health
शिक्षा का अधिकार अधिनियम 2009 के अंतर्गत गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा की उपलब्धता का अध्ययन
भारत में शिक्षा का अधिकार अधिनियम 2009 (आरटीई) ने 6 से 14 वर्ष आयु के सभी बच्चों को निःशुल्क एवं अनिवार्य प्रारंभिक शिक्षा का मौलिक अधिकार प्रदान किया। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य इस अधिनियम के क्रियान्वयन के पश्चात् भारत में गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा की वास्तविक उपलब्धता का विश्लेषण करना है। शोध में यूडीआईएसई+ 2023-24, यूडीआईएसई+ 2024-25 तथा वार्षिक शिक्षा स्थिति रिपोर्ट (एएसईआर) 2024 जैसे प्रमाणित राष्ट्रीय आँकड़ों का उपयोग किया गया है। परिणामों से स्पष्ट होता है कि नामांकन दर में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि हुई है, किंतु अधिगम परिणाम अभी भी चिंताजनक हैं। प्रारंभिक स्तर पर ड्रॉपआउट दर घटकर 2.3% हो गई है, परंतु माध्यमिक स्तर पर यह 8.2% बनी हुई है। कक्षा तीन के केवल 23.4% बच्चे कक्षा दो स्तर का पाठ पढ़ पाते हैं और कक्षा तीन के 33.7% बच्चे घटाव कर पाते हैं। विद्यालय अवसंरचना में सुधार हुआ है, परंतु डिजिटल सुविधाएँ अभी भी अपूर्ण हैं। यह अध्ययन निष्कर्ष देता है कि आरटीई अधिनियम ने शिक्षा तक पहुँच बढ़ाने में सफलता पाई है, लेकिन गुणवत्ता सुनिश्चित करना अभी एक प्रमुख चुनौती बनी हुई है।
शिक्षा का अधिकार अधिनियम, गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा, अधिगम परिणाम, सकल नामांकन अनुपात, ड्रॉपआउट दर।
CONSTITUTIONAL FEDERALISM AND THE ABROGATION OF ARTICLE 370: A REVIEW OF JUDICIAL REASONING AND CONSTITUTIONAL MORALITY IN INDIA
This paper looks into what happened with Article 370 which was part of the Constitution of India, and how its removal affects both the Constitution and the Federal Government's relationship to the States. Historically there has been an argument among scholars about what type of arrangements are appropriate to accommodate regional differences (asymmetric) within the overall framework of a comprehensive Constitution (syncretic). The removal of Article 370 from the Constitution of India in 2019 was a game changer in terms of our understanding of how we define and use a Constitution. Issues of consent, boundaries of power under our Constitution, and relationships between the Federal and state governments – all these are now very much open questions that were raised by the abrogation of Article 370. This research uses a systematic review and doctrinal approach that relies only on secondary sources. In order to assess the interplay between federal design, interpretative methodologies, and normative concepts in relation to the repeal of Article 370, it examines constitutional provisions, Constituent Assembly Debates, seminal court rulings, and freely available legal research. Constitutional ethics, responsibility, and federal justice; judicial reasoning and doctrinal interpretation; and federalism and asymmetric constitutional architecture are the three main points that the article revolves around. According to the findings, federalism is still a constitutional ideal in India, but in practice, the country is moving toward more centralization. Federal expectations based on consent and negotiated autonomy are not given much doctrinal weight by the judiciary, who instead place a premium on constitutional language and procedural legitimacy. Constitutional morality, according to the study's normative findings, requires more institutional restraint, explanation, and openness in situations requiring massive government reorganization. Article 370's repeal, the study argues, is a constitutionally mixed bag, with far-reaching consequences for future federal disputes and India's changing constitutional character as a whole.
Article 370, Indian federalism, constitutional interpretation, constitutional morality, centre–state relations.
Chamundeshwari and the Rule of Law: Mythology as a Framework for Modern Legal Justice in Karnataka
This research article explores the myth of Chamundeshwari as a foundational framework for understanding the Rule of Law and modern legal justice in Karnataka. Rooted in Karnataka's rich cultural heritage, the Chamundeshwari narrative symbolizes the triumph of law over tyranny and reflects key constitutional principles, such as equality before the law and accountability. The study examines the intersection of mythology and legal theory, highlighting Chamundeshwari's victory over Mahishasura as an allegory for the upholding of justice and the combating of corruption and lawlessness. Furthermore, the research examines the gender justice implications of Chamundeshwari's feminine power, linking it to India's legal provisions on gender equality and feminist jurisprudence. By interpreting the myth through the lens of governance and judicial accountability, the article underscores the importance of transparent and ethical legal institutions, drawing parallels to Karnataka's Lokayukta and anti-corruption laws. The analysis also addresses moral reasoning in legal interpretation, illustrating how ancient narratives inspire creative jurisprudential approaches to complex societal issues. Ultimately, this article argues that integrating Chamundeshwari's cultural and mythological legacy enriches contemporary legal discourse, offering valuable insights into the pursuit of sustainable justice in Karnataka and beyond.
Chamundeshwari, Rule of Law, Legal Justice, Governance, Gender Justice
FROM COLONIAL PENAL CODE TO INDIGENOUS CRIMINAL JUSTICE: A DOCTRINAL REVIEW OF SUBSTANTIVE OFFENCES UNDER THE INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860 AND THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023
This paper explores how India’s criminal law has changed by comparing and contrasting the Indian Penal Code of 1860 to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita of 2023 from a doctrinal perspective. The colonial countries in India codified crime and determined the government operated by creating a way to regulate how people were treated by putting them into categories, which resulted in the Indian Penal Code. After the independence of India, the Indian Penal Code remained in force; however, its original intended purpose was further extended through judicial interpretation that brought it into compliance with the provisions of the Indian Constitution. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), intended to provide a new criminal code based on indigenous ideas, constitutional values, and social equality, seeks to be a true substitute for the colonial model that had long dominated in India. The research uses only secondary material such as statutes and legislative history, case law, and publicly available scholarly writings about law to reach the doctrinal conclusions and comparative legal analysis. The research examines the IPC by looking at how it has been affected by its colonial background and by examining its criminal philosophy, and how the BNS has reoriented the IPC's criminal law, and it then conducts a comparative analysis that identifies the changes that have occurred and the continuities from the IPC to the BNS. The legislation has been changed, some of the sections that did not need to be included have been eliminated, and the new legislation uses language that is focused on achieving justice rather than punitive measures. Although there have been some amendments, the new legislation retains the basic structure of the Indian Penal Code to a great degree, according to the research. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita is not an overall overhaul of criminal law as much as it is an updated set of existing criminal laws created by codifying, or compiling, existing criminal laws with some reform-minded additions. The report makes clear that the new criminal code is a project that requires the continued attention of judges, legislators, and scholars in order to ensure that it is consistent with constitutional principles and social justice.
Indian Penal Code, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, substantive criminal law, constitutional morality, criminal jurisprudence