International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology (IJMRAST)
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology (IJMRAST) is an International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary, Monthly Journal. As a multi-disciplinary journal, it covers a wide range of scientific disciplines, including but not limited to Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Agriculture, Computer Science, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics, Hindi, English, Sanskrit, Geography, Economics, Psychology, History, Commerce and Management, Sociology, Education, Social Sciences and Applied Sciences. This diverse scope allows researchers from different disciplines to collaborate and contribute to the collective understanding of modern science and technology.
Balancing Washington and Moscow: India's Multi-Alignment Strategy in the 21st Century
India is pursuing a delicate balance between its ties with Washington and Moscow, referred to as “multi-alignment.” This strategy strengthens relationships with both the United States and Russia without fully committing to either. Historical ties to the Non-Aligned Movement and domestic concerns about sovereignty shape this approach. The evolving India–U.S. partnership has shifted from a defensive stance to a broader geopolitical engagement, allowing India to maintain its long-time bond with Russia. However, India’s connection with Russia has become more transactional, due to the limited security options Russia provides. Additionally, increasing Chinese assertiveness complicates India's strategic landscape. While India aims for multi-alignment, the rising influence of China and the closer Beijing–Moscow ties raise concerns about maintaining a stable balance. (D. Muraviev et al., 2022)
Multi-Alignment Strategy, strategic landscape, Non-Aligned Movement.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
SHATTERED EXPECTATIONS: QUALITATIVE INSIGHTS INTO PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING THROUGH SUICIDAL NARRATIVES OF MEDICAL ASPIRANTS
World Health Organization underscores mental health as a universal human right and a cornerstone of Sustainable Development Goal 3, the rising suicides among India’s medical aspirants expose a silent crisis undermining young mind’s well-being and the future of healthcare. Without mental strength, even the most brilliant minds may falter; with it, even the most challenging journeys become survivable. The increasing number of suicides among National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) aspirants in India presents a disturbing trend that highlights the urgent need to examine the psychological well-being of youth pursuing a career in medicine. This qualitative study analyses secondary data from a range of national news media sources, documenting suicide cases from 2023 to 2025 involving medical aspirants. Despite the expansion of medical institutions and rising competition in entrance examinations, there is limited scientific exploration regarding psychological wellbeing of these aspirants. The study critically explores contributing factors such as academic pressure, repeated failure, parental expectations, isolation in coaching environments, financial constraints, and the absence of structured mental health support. Drawing insights from the related literatures, this paper identifies core thematic areas including personal, institutional stressors, family-related challenges that affect aspirants’ mental health and established the theoretical linkages of suicidal hazards in present scenario. The findings underscore the need for multi-level interventions, including mental health education, counselling infrastructure, coping strategies and longitudinal tracking of students’ psychological well-being. The study calls for urgent policy attention and research efforts to mitigate the psychosocial risks among aspirants and build a resilient healthcare education system.
Psychological Wellbeing, Suicide, Medical aspirants, Sustainable Development Goal 3
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology (IJMRAST) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy for Enhancing Secondary School Students’ Science Achievement and Emotional Intelligence: An Integrative Review
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy (CRP) is one of current pedagogical approach which help to transform that enhancing equity among children, inclusion at institution and meaningful learning in the classrooms. These integrative reviewees synthesize literature (2000–2025), with emphasis on recent studies (2020–2025), to examine the role of CRP in enhancing secondary school students’ science achievement and emotional intelligence (EI). Grounded in constructivist, sociocultural and social-emotional learning (SEL) theories, the review highlights how cultural impact and associate teaching practices improve engagement, conceptual understanding and socio-emotional competencies. The reviewees findings indicate that CRP enhances science achievement among students in 21st century and also create motivation with the learner and learner identity. This approach is fostering emotional awareness, empathy and interpersonal skills these qualities help to students’ holistic development in natural way. However, limited empirical evidence directly links CRP with EI in science education. The study emphasizes the need for further research and outlines implications for classroom practice, teacher education and policy to support holistic development.
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy, Science Achievement, Emotional Intelligence, Secondary Education, Social-Emotional Learning, Integrative Review
Alumni as Catalysts of Institutional Development within the Framework of Indian Knowledge Systems
This paper examines the role of alumni engagement in higher education with a particular focus on its relevance to institutional development and the promotion of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS). A notable gap persists between the recognized importance of alumni engagement and its systematic implementation, especially in relation to IKS. Adopting a qualitative, conceptual research design, the study synthesizes existing literature to analyze the multidimensional contributions of alumni and their potential in integrating traditional knowledge within modern academic frameworks. The findings indicate that alumni significantly enhance academic quality, employability, and institutional visibility through mentoring, networking, and resource support. The study further reveals that alumni can serve as key agents in preserving indigenous knowledge, enriching curricula, and fostering culturally grounded innovation. The paper concludes that a more structured and strategic alignment of alumni engagement with IKS principles can contribute to holistic, sustainable, and contextually relevant higher education systems.
विद्यार्थियो के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य पर अभिप्रेरणा, आत्मदया और जीवन गुणवत्ता का प्रभाव
मनोवैज्ञानिक तनाव से ग्रस्त छात्रों में करुणापूर्ण सोच का अभ्यास करने वाले छात्रों की तुलना में नकारात्मक भावनाएँ काफी अधिक होती हैं। शैक्षणिक प्रेरणा, आत्म-करुणा और आत्म-आलोचना मानसिक स्वास्थ्य से दृढ़ता से संबंधित हैं। जो छात्र अध्ययन के लिए प्रेरित होते हैं, स्वयं के प्रति दयालु होते हैं और स्वयं के प्रति कम आलोचनात्मक होते हैं, उनमें मानसिक स्वास्थ्य का स्तर उच्च होता है। आज के तेजी से बदलते सामाजिक परिवेश में, छात्रों के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य और शैक्षणिक उपलब्धियों के बीच संबंध पर लगातार ध्यान दिया जा रहा है । यह संबंध न केवल व्यक्तिगत छात्रों के विकास से जुड़ा है, बल्कि कॉलेजों और विश्वविद्यालयों में शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता और समाज में प्रतिभा के विकास पर भी गहरा प्रभाव डालता है प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उदेश्य ही विद्यार्थियो के मानसिक स्वास्थ पर अभिप्रेरणा, आत्म दया और जीवन गुणवत्ता का प्रभाव का अध्ययन करना है ।
मानसिक स्वास्थ्य, शैक्षणिक प्रेरणा, आत्म-करुणा, आत्म-आलोचना, जीवन गुणवत्ता
जल, स्मृति और संस्कृति: राजस्थान की लोक परंपराओं में जल का सांस्कृतिक भूगोल
यह शोधपत्र राजस्थान की लोककथाओं, लोकगीतों, कहावतों और सामाजिक & धार्मिक परंपराओं में जल नदियों और वर्षा की महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका का विश्लेषण करता है। राजस्थान अपनी शुष्क जलवायु और सीमित जल संसाधनों के बावजूद एक समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक परंपरा का धनी है जहाँ जल को केवल भौतिक संसाधन के रूप में नहीं बल्कि जीवन पवित्रता और सामूहिक चेतना के प्रतीक के रूप में देखा जाता है। शोध के दौरान यह पाया गया कि लोकगीतों में वर्षा का आह्वान और सूखे की पीड़ा को गहराई से व्यक्त किया गया है। गणगौर जैसे त्योहारों में स्थानीय जल स्रोतों की पूजा यह दर्शाती है कि समाज ने जल को धार्मिक और सामाजिक जीवन का अभिन्न हिस्सा बनाया है। विवाह, जन्म और मृत्यु से जुड़े अनुष्ठानों में जल का उपयोग यह दर्शाता है कि यह तत्व न केवल जीवनदायी है बल्कि आध्यात्मिक शांति और मोक्ष का माध्यम भी है। शोध के लिए पारंपरिक साहित्य की समीक्षा पुस्तकीय अध्ययन और स्थानीय बुजुर्गों एवं लोक कलाकारों के साक्षात्कार के माध्यम से मौखिक साक्ष्यों का उपयोग किया गया है। अध्ययन से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि राजस्थान के लोकगीतों में वर्षा और जल को जीवनदायिनी शक्ति के रूप में चित्रित किया गया है जबकि सूखे से संबंधित कहानियाँ संघर्ष, सामुदायिक प्रयास और सहनशीलता के प्रतीक हैं। पारंपरिक जल प्रबंधन प्रणालियाँ जैसे बावड़ी, जोहड़ और टांका लोककथाओं और कहावतों के माध्यम से पीढ़ियों से संरक्षित हैं। यह शोध यह निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि राजस्थान की यह समृद्ध लोक संस्कृति न केवल ऐतिहासिक और सामाजिक दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण है, बल्कि आधुनिक जल संरक्षण प्रयासों और जलवायु परिवर्तन की चुनौतियों के लिए भी प्रासंगिक शिक्षाएं प्रदान करती है।
राजस्थान, लोककथाएं, लोकगीत, कहावतें, सूखा, सांस्कृतिक भूगोल
Language as a Medium of Cultural Heritage Preservation: A Narrative Review in the Context of the National Education Policy 2020
Language serves as the fundamental tool for transmitting cultural knowledge, values, and identity across generations, making it essential for preserving cultural heritage in diverse societies. This narrative review examines the role of language in cultural heritage preservation within the framework of National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, synthesizing evidence from 30 scholarly sources published between 2015 and 2026. NEP 2020 represents a paradigm shift by mandating mother tongue instruction up to Grade 5 (preferably Grade 8), revising the Three-Language Formula, and recognizing indigenous and tribal languages as legitimate mediums of instruction. The review reveals that mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) enhances cognitive development, strengthens cultural identity, and improves learning outcomes, particularly for marginalized tribal and linguistic minority communities. Evidence demonstrates that early mother tongue instruction facilitates conceptual understanding, preserves intergenerational knowledge transmission, and promotes educational equity. However, implementation faces significant challenges including inadequate teacher preparation, insufficient pedagogical resources in regional languages, infrastructural gaps, and socio-political resistance favouring English-medium education. The review identifies opportunities through digital technology integration, community-based curriculum development, and culturally responsive pedagogy. Successful implementation requires sustained investment in teacher capacity-building, development of quality bilingual learning materials, and collaborative frameworks involving policymakers, educators, and communities. This paper concludes that NEP 2020's language provisions, if effectively implemented, can transform India's linguistic diversity from a perceived barrier into a valuable asset for both cultural preservation and educational excellence.
A Study on the Impact of Social Media Usage on Academic Performance among College Students
The use of social media influences a lot in the lives of college students, their study, communication and learning patterns. This paper has analyzed the effects of using social media on the academic performance of college students. Our research design was a quantitative cross-sectional study and a structured questionnaire that we distributed via Google Forms. The study involved a total of 100 undergraduate and postgraduate students of between the ages of 18 to 25 years, in the convenience sampling. We have examined the data with the help of descriptive statistics, such as frequency and percentage, and the examination of patterns of its usage and its impact on the academic sphere. The findings revealed that 96 percent of students engaged in social media where WhatsApp (82 percent), YouTube (76 percent), and Instagram (68 percent) were the most common media. The majority of students (60) said that they devoted more than three hours a day on social media, but the use of social media during late nights was most prevalent (40%). The students have mainly relied on social media as a source of entertainment (74%), communication (61%), and education (32%). The results showed a positive and negative impact on academic performance. Most students thought that social media can enhance knowledge (71%), aid academic activities such as assignments (62%), and enhance communication with peers (76%). Nonetheless, the overuse resulted in academic difficulties, including the distractions (59 per cent), a reduced time to study (66 per cent), poor concentration (61 per cent), and the overall negative effect on academic performance (54 per cent). The paper concludes that there is a dual impact of social media on academic performance. It can be used wisely as a learning, collaboration, and engagement tool. Non-academic and excessive use may however lead to distraction, lack of concentration and low productivity among academics. Thus, the balanced and responsible use of social media should be encouraged to ensure that the social media can have the greatest benefits and minimal harm. The findings provided can be useful to teachers, policymakers, and learners in the development of effective measures of utilizing social media in academics.
ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਧੀਰ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਰਚਿਤ ਨਾਵਲ ‘ਸਲਤਨਤ’: ਪੂੰਜੀ ਦਾ ਆਤੰਕ ਬਨਾਮ ਪਰਵਾਸੀ ਜੀਵਨ
ਮਜ਼ਬੂਤ ਆਰਥਿਕ ਜਮਾਤ ਸਹਿਜੇ ਹੀ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਰਸੂਖ਼ ਅਤੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਪੈਂਠ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਰੱਖਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਦਾ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਮੁਲਕਾਂ ਤੱਕ ਬੋਲ-ਬਾਲਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸਨੇ ਪੱਛਮ ਨੂੰ ਨੀਰਸ ਰਵੱਈਆ ਤੇ ਪਦਾਰਥਕ ਮਾਨਤਾਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਹਾਮੀ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਉਸ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਹਵਸ ਦੀ ਚਾਹਤ ਭਰੀ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਮੱਧਵਰਗੀ ਇਨਸਾਨੀ ਬਿਰਤੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਹਿਜੇ ਹੀ ਗ਼ੁਲਾਮੀ ਅਤੇ ਹਵਸ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਬਣਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਘਿਰਿਆ ਇਨਸਾਨ ਨਾ ਘਰ ਦਾ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਤੇ ਨਾ ਘਾਟ ਦਾ। ਨਾਵਲਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਜਸਵੀਰ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਰਨਜੀਤ ਦੀ ਵਾਰਤਾਲਾਪ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਪੁਸ਼ੀ ਦੀ ਜਕੜੀ ਹੋਈ ਮਨੋਦਸ਼ਾ ਨੂੰ ਬਿਆਨ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਯਤਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਸਧਾਰਨ ਜਮਾਤ ਨੂੰ ਲਪੇਟ ਵਿਚ ਲੈਣ ਦੀ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਦੇਹੀ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ ।
ਮਜਬੂਤ ਆਰਥਿਕ ਜਮਾਤ, ਪੱਛਮੀ ਮੁਲਕ, ਸਿਆਸੀ ਰਸੂਖ, ਇਨਸਾਨੀ ਬਿਰਤੀ, ਗੁਲਾਮੀ, ਹਵਸ
Edpuzzle: A Dynamic Tool for Pedagogical Practice
Traditional in-person teaching and printed materials in education has replaced with technology-enhanced learning. Internet and different digital tools are started incorporating in education setting and particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, online resources, digital platforms become essential components of modern pedagogic practices. NEP 2020 promotes this transition to foster student inclusivity, engagement and learning outcomes, by providing support to technology-enabled education and encouraging the use of virtual labs, digital materials, blended learning approaches and interactive platforms. Edpuzzle is a digital educational platform that allows teachers to make a video an interactive lesson by embedding quizzes, questions and notes while tracking responses and progress to make learning engaging and active. This paper explores the advantages of incorporating Edpuzzle as pedagogical tool in the classrooms; it also explores the challenges regarding the integration of Edpuzzle in classroom. For the present study, the investigator employed an exploratory approach to gather information or data from the existing research. To locate relevant articles, scholarly reports and conference papers the investigator has used academic databases such as Scopus, ERIC, Google Scholar and JSTOR etc. Findings indicate that while Edpuzzle supports active learning, critical thinking, and improved student performance, its adoption is hindered by issues such as limited access to technology and internet connectivity, time-intensive content preparation, the learning curve for teachers, and potential student resistance. The study further suggests measures to overcome these barriers in the discussion part.
Edpuzzle, Pedagogical Practice, Technology-Enhanced, Digital platforms.
नई प्रौद्योगिकी का पत्रकारिता में अनुशीलन: हिमाचल प्रदेश के पत्रकारों पर आधारित सर्वेक्षणात्मक अध्ययन
नई प्रौद्योगिकी की बात करें तो इसका प्रभाव प्रत्येक सामाजिक ताने बाने में पड़ता दिख रहा है। जाने अनजाने लगभग सभी लोग इस नई तकनीक का प्रयोग किसी ना किसी रूप में कर रहे हैं और सोशल मीडिया तथा स्मार्टफ़ोन का प्रयोग तो अब एक सामान्य बात है जो न्यू मीडिया के उपयोग की सबसे सरल और सुलभ माध्यम/टूल है। सोशल मीडिया, ब्लॉग, ह्वाट्सऐप, एआर/वीआर,एआई, ब्लॉकचेन और फ़िलहाल मेटावर्स और रोबोटिक्स का मीडिया में प्रयोग एक तीव्र गति के परिवर्तन का द्वोतक है। इन सभी तकनीकों में एआई का प्रयोग तेज़ी से बढ़ रहा है और आने वाले समय में एआई, मेटावर्स और रोबोटिक्स का प्रयोग समाज के हर क्षेत्र में बढ़ता हुआ दिख रहा है। पत्रकारिता में भी इस न्यू मीडिया का प्रयोग काफ़ी तेज़ी से बढ़ा है। विकसित देशों और भारत के मेट्रो सिटीज़ के पत्रकार न्यू मीडिया का प्रयोग बड़े पैमाने पर कर रहे हैं किंतु छोटे शहरों के पत्रकारों में न्यू मीडिया के प्रयोग को लेकर क्या रूख़ है और न्यू मीडिया युग में पत्रकारिता के भविष्य को लेकर क्या विचार हैं यह जानने का प्रयास इस शोध आलेख में किया गया है। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश यह जानने का प्रयास है कि हिमाचल प्रदेश के धर्मशाला शहर के पत्रकारों में न्यू मीडिया को लेकर किस प्रकार का अनुशीलन, विचार और व्यवहार है। यह अध्ययन पूर्ण रूप से अकादमिक है जिसके लिए 15 प्रश्नों की एक सर्वेक्षण प्रश्नावली गूगल फॉर्म पर तैयार कर धर्मशाला शहर में कार्यरत अलग अलग मीडिया हाउसेस के पत्रकारों से प्राप्त उत्तरों का विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत किया गया है।
न्यू मीडिया, नई प्रौद्योगिकी, पत्रकारिता, एआई, सोशल मीडिया, वेब 2.0
Between Silence and Expression: Female Psyche in the Fictional World of Manju Kapur
This paper offers an expanded psychoanalytic–feminist reading of the female psyche in the novels of Manju Kapur, foregrounding the dialectic between silence and expression as a defining feature of women’s subjectivity. Kapur’s fiction stages women’s inner lives as sites of negotiation where desire, repression, guilt, and agency intersect under the pressure of patriarchal norms. By closely analyzing Difficult Daughters, A Married Woman, Home, and The Immigrant, Custody this study demonstrates how silence operates not merely as social imposition but as an internalized psychological condition that fractures identity. Conversely, expression emerges as a contested, often painful process of articulation that signals resistance and self-formation. The paper argues that Kapur’s protagonists move through phases of repression, fragmentation, and partial articulation toward moments of self-awareness and tentative autonomy. Ultimately, Kapur’s literary universe reveals the complexity of women’s psychological experiences, where voice is hard-won and identity remains fluid, negotiated, and incomplete.
Female psyche, silence, expression, repression, identity, psychoanalysis, feminism, Manju Kapur.
Revisiting Interdisciplinarity in Geography: A Qualitative Study of the “Third Conversation” in Indian Higher Education
Collaborative efforts between multiple disciplines have increased in importance when solving global challenges such as climate change, urbanization, pollution and environmental degradation, and social inequality. Geography, which includes both social sciences and natural sciences, is uniquely positioned among disciplines that allow interdisciplinary scholarship to occur. This paper presents a critical analysis of Simon and Graybill’s (2010) concept of the “third conversation,” which promotes normative evaluation of the interdisciplinary experience through reflexive processes. The author undertakes an in-depth qualitative analysis of the actual article to identify the conceptual framework, methodology, and findings. The findings of the analysis present several of geography’s strengths, including integrative methods and spatial relationships; however, barriers and ambiguities impair geographical communications. The relevance of the use of interdisciplinary ideas is supported by the recent release of the National Education Policy 2020 in India, yet there are still institutional and methodological barriers present. The author concludes that the “third conversation” is a remarkable model to propose better interdisciplinary collaboration through reflexive practice and communication.
Interdisciplinarity, Geography, Third Conversation, Reflexivity, Interdisciplinary Research. India.
Mindfulness and Subjective Well-Being among Undergraduate Students in Balasore District of Odisha: A Correlational Study
Sustaining the mental health and well-being of students is the utmost priority in the 21st Century, while Mindfulness has been proven to be a crucial factor to enhance the mental health of individuals with psychological disorders. Still, there is a lack of Indian-specific studies that examined the association between mindfulness and the subjective well-being of students. The present study examined the relationship between mindfulness and the subjective well-being of the undergraduate students of the Balasore district of Odisha. 180 samples were selected randomly from the different degree colleges of Balasore district. A self-developed tool was used to assess the students' subjective well-being, and the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire was used to examine students’ mindfulness. The study revealed that the undergraduate students of Balasore district exhibited an average level of mindfulness and subjective well-being, representing a moderate state of present moment awareness and life satisfaction among undergraduate students. It was also found that gender does not affect these psychological constructs, as no significant difference was found in mindfulness and subjective well-being among undergraduate students in terms of their gender. The study further revealed that there is a moderate to high level of positive correlation between mindfulness and subjective well-being, with a coefficient of correlation value of +0.63, indicating that a higher level of mindfulness is associated with a higher level of well-being among undergraduate students. The study suggests that integrating mindfulness into the curriculum may help in developing students' well-being and ensure better mental health.
Mindfulness, Subjective Well-being, Undergraduate Students, Mental Health
शिक्षा का अधिकार अधिनियम 2009 के अंतर्गत गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा की उपलब्धता का अध्ययन
भारत में शिक्षा का अधिकार अधिनियम 2009 (आरटीई) ने 6 से 14 वर्ष आयु के सभी बच्चों को निःशुल्क एवं अनिवार्य प्रारंभिक शिक्षा का मौलिक अधिकार प्रदान किया। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य इस अधिनियम के क्रियान्वयन के पश्चात् भारत में गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा की वास्तविक उपलब्धता का विश्लेषण करना है। शोध में यूडीआईएसई+ 2023-24, यूडीआईएसई+ 2024-25 तथा वार्षिक शिक्षा स्थिति रिपोर्ट (एएसईआर) 2024 जैसे प्रमाणित राष्ट्रीय आँकड़ों का उपयोग किया गया है। परिणामों से स्पष्ट होता है कि नामांकन दर में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि हुई है, किंतु अधिगम परिणाम अभी भी चिंताजनक हैं। प्रारंभिक स्तर पर ड्रॉपआउट दर घटकर 2.3% हो गई है, परंतु माध्यमिक स्तर पर यह 8.2% बनी हुई है। कक्षा तीन के केवल 23.4% बच्चे कक्षा दो स्तर का पाठ पढ़ पाते हैं और कक्षा तीन के 33.7% बच्चे घटाव कर पाते हैं। विद्यालय अवसंरचना में सुधार हुआ है, परंतु डिजिटल सुविधाएँ अभी भी अपूर्ण हैं। यह अध्ययन निष्कर्ष देता है कि आरटीई अधिनियम ने शिक्षा तक पहुँच बढ़ाने में सफलता पाई है, लेकिन गुणवत्ता सुनिश्चित करना अभी एक प्रमुख चुनौती बनी हुई है।
शिक्षा का अधिकार अधिनियम, गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा, अधिगम परिणाम, सकल नामांकन अनुपात, ड्रॉपआउट दर।
CONSTITUTIONAL FEDERALISM AND THE ABROGATION OF ARTICLE 370: A REVIEW OF JUDICIAL REASONING AND CONSTITUTIONAL MORALITY IN INDIA
This paper looks into what happened with Article 370 which was part of the Constitution of India, and how its removal affects both the Constitution and the Federal Government's relationship to the States. Historically there has been an argument among scholars about what type of arrangements are appropriate to accommodate regional differences (asymmetric) within the overall framework of a comprehensive Constitution (syncretic). The removal of Article 370 from the Constitution of India in 2019 was a game changer in terms of our understanding of how we define and use a Constitution. Issues of consent, boundaries of power under our Constitution, and relationships between the Federal and state governments – all these are now very much open questions that were raised by the abrogation of Article 370. This research uses a systematic review and doctrinal approach that relies only on secondary sources. In order to assess the interplay between federal design, interpretative methodologies, and normative concepts in relation to the repeal of Article 370, it examines constitutional provisions, Constituent Assembly Debates, seminal court rulings, and freely available legal research. Constitutional ethics, responsibility, and federal justice; judicial reasoning and doctrinal interpretation; and federalism and asymmetric constitutional architecture are the three main points that the article revolves around. According to the findings, federalism is still a constitutional ideal in India, but in practice, the country is moving toward more centralization. Federal expectations based on consent and negotiated autonomy are not given much doctrinal weight by the judiciary, who instead place a premium on constitutional language and procedural legitimacy. Constitutional morality, according to the study's normative findings, requires more institutional restraint, explanation, and openness in situations requiring massive government reorganization. Article 370's repeal, the study argues, is a constitutionally mixed bag, with far-reaching consequences for future federal disputes and India's changing constitutional character as a whole.
Article 370, Indian federalism, constitutional interpretation, constitutional morality, centre–state relations.
Chamundeshwari and the Rule of Law: Mythology as a Framework for Modern Legal Justice in Karnataka
This research article explores the myth of Chamundeshwari as a foundational framework for understanding the Rule of Law and modern legal justice in Karnataka. Rooted in Karnataka's rich cultural heritage, the Chamundeshwari narrative symbolizes the triumph of law over tyranny and reflects key constitutional principles, such as equality before the law and accountability. The study examines the intersection of mythology and legal theory, highlighting Chamundeshwari's victory over Mahishasura as an allegory for the upholding of justice and the combating of corruption and lawlessness. Furthermore, the research examines the gender justice implications of Chamundeshwari's feminine power, linking it to India's legal provisions on gender equality and feminist jurisprudence. By interpreting the myth through the lens of governance and judicial accountability, the article underscores the importance of transparent and ethical legal institutions, drawing parallels to Karnataka's Lokayukta and anti-corruption laws. The analysis also addresses moral reasoning in legal interpretation, illustrating how ancient narratives inspire creative jurisprudential approaches to complex societal issues. Ultimately, this article argues that integrating Chamundeshwari's cultural and mythological legacy enriches contemporary legal discourse, offering valuable insights into the pursuit of sustainable justice in Karnataka and beyond.
Chamundeshwari, Rule of Law, Legal Justice, Governance, Gender Justice
FROM COLONIAL PENAL CODE TO INDIGENOUS CRIMINAL JUSTICE: A DOCTRINAL REVIEW OF SUBSTANTIVE OFFENCES UNDER THE INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860 AND THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023
This paper explores how India’s criminal law has changed by comparing and contrasting the Indian Penal Code of 1860 to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita of 2023 from a doctrinal perspective. The colonial countries in India codified crime and determined the government operated by creating a way to regulate how people were treated by putting them into categories, which resulted in the Indian Penal Code. After the independence of India, the Indian Penal Code remained in force; however, its original intended purpose was further extended through judicial interpretation that brought it into compliance with the provisions of the Indian Constitution. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), intended to provide a new criminal code based on indigenous ideas, constitutional values, and social equality, seeks to be a true substitute for the colonial model that had long dominated in India. The research uses only secondary material such as statutes and legislative history, case law, and publicly available scholarly writings about law to reach the doctrinal conclusions and comparative legal analysis. The research examines the IPC by looking at how it has been affected by its colonial background and by examining its criminal philosophy, and how the BNS has reoriented the IPC's criminal law, and it then conducts a comparative analysis that identifies the changes that have occurred and the continuities from the IPC to the BNS. The legislation has been changed, some of the sections that did not need to be included have been eliminated, and the new legislation uses language that is focused on achieving justice rather than punitive measures. Although there have been some amendments, the new legislation retains the basic structure of the Indian Penal Code to a great degree, according to the research. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita is not an overall overhaul of criminal law as much as it is an updated set of existing criminal laws created by codifying, or compiling, existing criminal laws with some reform-minded additions. The report makes clear that the new criminal code is a project that requires the continued attention of judges, legislators, and scholars in order to ensure that it is consistent with constitutional principles and social justice.
Indian Penal Code, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, substantive criminal law, constitutional morality, criminal jurisprudence
विवेकी राय के उपन्यासों में सामन्ती जीवन मूल्यों के वर्चस्व का अध्ययन
विवेकी राय ग्रामीण सामाजिक और वैचारिक परिस्थितियों को उजागर करने वाले कथाकार कहे जाते हैं। इनके उपन्यासों में सामन्ती जीवन मूल्यों का वर्चस्व दिखाई देता है जिसमें समाज के उच्च, जमींदार या कुलीन वर्ग की विचारधारा, संस्कृति और परम्पराएँ, बाकी समाज पर अपना दबदबा बनाए रखती हैं। इसमें वफ़ादारी, पदानुक्रम, जातिवाद और परम्पराओं का पालन अनिवार्य माना जाता है, जिससे निचला वर्ग शोषित रहता है । यह एक सांस्कृतिक वर्चस्व है जो समानता के बजाय दासता और प्रदेश विशेष की सामाजिक स्थिति को अभिव्यक्त करता है। जीवन के समग्र चित्रण को लेखक परिवेश की सच्चाई को बड़ी बारीकी से समझते हैं चाहे वह सामाजिक, आर्थिक, राजनीतिक, धार्मिक तथा गरीबी किसी भी तरह की समस्या हो सभी को नजदीक से चिंतन करते हैं । इनके उपन्यास बबूल, पुरुष पुराण, लोकऋण, श्वेतपत्र, सोनामाटी, समर शेष है, नमामि ग्रामम्, मंगल भवन, अमंगलहारी आदि हैं। जिसमें राजनीतिक धोखाधड़ी, बेइमानी, तिकड़मी खेल, कब्जा, क्रूरता, आदि हथकंडे अपनाकर कृषकों एवं साधारण जनों का खुले आम शोषण करते रहे।
प्राचीन भारत में गणराज्यों को गण या संघ के नाम से जाना जाता था। गण शब्द का उल्लेख ऋग्वेद में 46 बार तथा अथर्ववेद में 09 बार आता है। जे0पी0 शर्मा महोदय का विचार हैं कि कुछ जनों में गणराज्यात्मक व्यवस्था भी प्रचलित थी। राजतंत्र में राज्य का अध्यक्ष राजा होता था, जबकि गणतंत्र में राज्यों का शासन न होकर गण अथवा संघ द्वारा होता था। वहीं गणतंत्र का संचालन अल्पतांत्रिक सभाएं करती थी। न कि कोई एक व्यक्ति/ राजतंत्र में प्रजा से राजस्व पाने का एकमात्र दावेदार राजा होता था, यहाँ एक नियमित एवं केन्द्रीकृत सेना होती थी। जबकि गणतंत्र में राजा अपनी-अपनी छोटी सेना रखता था। राजतंत्र में ब्राह्मणों का प्रशासन छोटी सेना रखता था। राजतंत्र में ब्राह्मणों का प्रशासन पर प्रभाव दृष्टिगोचर होता है। गणतंत्र में ऐसा नहीं था।
गणतंत्रगण, राजतंत्र, गणराज्य समिति, संस्थागार, आसनपन्नायक, अताकुलक, मन्त्रिपरिषद, पवेनिपोट्ठक, नगरगुत्तिक।
Teachers’ Perception towards Formative Assessment Practices at the Secondary Level in Mayurbhanj District: An Empirical Study
Background: Formative assessment plays an important role in improving teaching–learning processes by providing continuous feedback and supporting students’ learning progress. Understanding teachers’ perceptions toward formative assessment practices is essential for effective implementation in classrooms. Objective: The present study aimed to examine teachers’ perceptions toward formative assessment practices at the secondary level in Mayurbhanj district and to identify challenges faced by teachers in implementing formative assessment. Methodology: A descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 100 secondary school teachers selected from 10 secondary schools of Baripada block in Mayurbhanj district using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of 25 items based on a five-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using percentage analysis. Results: The findings revealed that most teachers hold positive perceptions toward formative assessment practices. Teachers reported regularly analyzing student performance, providing feedback, conducting pre-assessments, and adapting instructional strategies based on assessment results. Teachers also emphasized student participation in learning through questioning, reflection, and peer feedback. However, some teachers indicated challenges such as time constraints and the continued influence of traditional assessment practices. Conclusion: The study concludes that formative assessment is widely recognized by teachers as an effective strategy for improving student learning and instructional practices. Strengthening teachers’ professional development and providing institutional support can further enhance the implementation of formative assessment in secondary schools.
Effects of Domestic Violence on Trust, Emotional Regulation, and Commitment in Subsequent Romantic Relationships
Domestic violence (DV) is the event that has a significant psychological impact that goes past the sense of being abused and has an immeasurable effect on future romantic relationships. The current research investigated the impact of domestic violence on the trust, emotional regulation, and commitment among adults in the range of 20 40 years of age. The quantitative cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 100 respondents who had gone through abusive relationships in the past. The Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6), Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS-24), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Investment Model Commitment Scale were assessed via online survey. The findings showed that the severity of domestic violence was correlated with reduced trust and commitment and increased emotional dysregulation. Recovery was found to be a significant protective element whereas gratitude and optimism came out as moderate buffering variables. The results not only indicate the trauma carryover effect on romantic functioning but also indicate the importance of psychological strengths on relational healing. The paper highlights the necessity of using the trauma-informed and strength-based forms of therapy to enhance the outcome of romantic relationships between the victims of domestic violence.
Domestic Violence, Trust, Emotional Regulation, Commitment, Recovery, Gratitude, Optimism, Romantic Relationships
Effect of Optimism and Gratitude Practices on Emotional Recovery After a Medical Crisis amongst adolescents
Adolescence is a very critical stage in developmental stage because it is characterized by an increased emotional sensitivity, identity formation and susceptibility to stress. A medical crisis, a hospital admission, a long-term disease, or surgery or traumas during this time can greatly interfere with the psychological health and emotional stability. The current article discussed the influence of optimism and gratitude on emotional healing among adolescents who suffered a medical crisis in the last one year. The research design used was a quantitative, correlational research that used a sample of 100 adolescents who are 13-19 years of age and selected using purposive sampling. The Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS-24), gratitude (Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6), and optimism (Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R)) were used to measure emotional recovery, gratitude, and optimism respectively. However, SPSS was used to analyze descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings had shown strong positive relationships between optimism, gratitude, and emotional recovery. The regression analysis indicated that both optimism and gratitude were significant predictors of the emotional recovery, with optimism being the more significant one. The results indicate that positive cognitive orientation and gratitude disposition are positive psychological aspects that promote resilience and recovery after a medical disaster. The article shows the significance of incorporating positive psychology programs in the medical and educational context of adolescents to facilitate comprehensive healing and permanent psychological resilience.
Adolescents, Emotional Recovery, Optimism, Gratitude, Medical Crisis
महाविद्यालयीय वातावरण के आधार पर शिक्षण प्रशिक्षुओं की शैक्षिक उपलब्धि एवं समायोजन का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
यह शोध पत्र इस बात का व्यापक तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है कि विभिन्न महाविद्यालयीय वातावरण शिक्षण प्रशिक्षुओं की शैक्षिक उपलब्धि एवं समायोजन क्षमता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करते हैं। इस अध्ययन में तीन विभिन्न महाविद्यालयीय वातावरणों — नगरीय (Urban), ग्रामीण (Rural) और अर्ध-नगरीय (Semi-Urban) — से कुल 300 शिक्षण प्रशिक्षुओं का विश्लेषण किया गया। शोध में मानकीकृत मूल्यांकन उपकरणों और सांख्यिकीय विश्लेषण का उपयोग करके यह अध्ययन किया गया कि विभिन्न पर्यावरणीय कारक शैक्षिक प्रदर्शन एवं छात्र समायोजन — जिसमें सामाजिक, भावनात्मक और शैक्षणिक अनुकूलन सम्मिलित हैं — को कैसे प्रभावित करते हैं। शोध से प्रमाणित हुआ कि विभिन्न महाविद्यालयीय वातावरण भिन्न-भिन्न परिणाम उत्पन्न करते हैं, जिसमें अर्ध-नगरीय महाविद्यालयों ने बेहतर शैक्षिक प्रदर्शन और छात्र समायोजन अंक प्राप्त किए। अध्ययन में उद्देश्यमूलक प्रतिदर्श के साथ मात्रात्मक शोध प्रारूप का उपयोग किया गया तथा सम्बन्धों की जाँच हेतु ANOVA एवं सहसंबंध विश्लेषण का प्रयोग किया गया। परिणाम दर्शाते हैं कि महाविद्यालयीय वातावरण — जिसमें अवसंरचना, संसाधन और सामुदायिक एकीकरण शामिल हैं — शिक्षण प्रशिक्षुओं की सफलता निर्धारित करने वाले प्रमुख कारक हैं।
शिक्षण प्रशिक्षु, अर्ध-नगरीय महाविद्यालय, सामाजिक एवं भावनात्मक समायोजन, शैक्षिक उपलब्धि, महाविद्यालयीय वातावरण, ANOVA, B.Ed., तुलनात्मक अध्ययन.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
माध्यमिक विद्यालयों के शिक्षकों के व्यक्तिगत मूल्यों का शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण पर प्रभाव का अध्ययन
शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता मुख्यतः शिक्षक के व्यक्तित्व, मूल्यों तथा उसके शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण पर निर्भर करती है। शिक्षक के व्यक्तिगत मूल्य जैसे ईमानदारी, अनुशासन, सहयोग, जिम्मेदारी और सहानुभूति उसके शिक्षण व्यवहार तथा विद्यार्थियों के प्रति दृष्टिकोण को प्रभावित करते हैं। अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष से ज्ञात हुआ कि अधिकांश शिक्षकों के व्यक्तिगत मूल्य सकारात्मक पाए गए तथा उनका शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण भी सकारात्मक था। साथ ही शिक्षकों के व्यक्तिगत मूल्यों और शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण के मध्य सकारात्मक एवं महत्वपूर्ण संबंध पाया गया। जिन शिक्षकों में सकारात्मक व्यक्तिगत मूल्य अधिक थे, उनका शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण भी अधिक सकारात्मक पाया गया। अतः निष्कर्षतः कहा जा सकता है कि शिक्षकों के व्यक्तिगत मूल्य उनके शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण को प्रभावित करते हैं और यह विद्यार्थियों के शैक्षिक तथा व्यक्तित्व विकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। इसलिए शिक्षक शिक्षा कार्यक्रमों में व्यक्तिगत मूल्यों के विकास पर विशेष ध्यान देना आवश्यक है।
व्यक्तिगत मूल्य, शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण, माध्यमिक विद्यालय, शिक्षक, शिक्षा।
शेखावाटी क्षेत्र के परिप्रेक्ष्य में झुंझुनू का ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन
झुंझुनू जिला राजस्थान के शेखावाटी क्षेत्र का एक महत्वपूर्ण ऐतिहासिक और सांस्कृतिक केंद्र रहा है। इस क्षेत्र का इतिहास अत्यंत प्राचीन माना जाता है, जिसका संबंध सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता के समय से जोड़ा जाता है, जब खेतड़ी क्षेत्र से तांबे का व्यापार होता था। शेखावाटी क्षेत्र का नामकरण वीर शेखा जी के नाम पर हुआ, जिन्होंने विक्रम संवत 1506 में अमरसर से अपने स्वतंत्र राज्य की स्थापना की। उनके वंशज शेखावत कहलाए और उन्होंने इस क्षेत्र में राजनीतिक शक्ति का विस्तार किया। मध्यकालीन इतिहास में इस क्षेत्र पर प्रतिहार, चौहान तथा कायमखानी शासकों का भी प्रभाव रहा। कायमखानियों ने झुंझुनू और फतेहपुर में नवाबी शासन स्थापित किया, जो लगभग दो शताब्दियों तक कायम रहा। बाद में शेखावतों ने अपनी शक्ति और संगठन के बल पर इस क्षेत्र पर अधिकार स्थापित कर शेखावाटी को एक प्रमुख राजनीतिक इकाई के रूप में विकसित किया। मुगल काल में शेखावत शासकों ने मुगल सम्राटों के साथ सहयोगात्मक संबंध स्थापित कर अपनी प्रतिष्ठा और राजनीतिक स्थिति को सुदृढ़ किया। औरंगजेब की मृत्यु के बाद मुगल साम्राज्य के पतन के साथ क्षेत्रीय शक्तियों का उदय हुआ। अंग्रेजी शासन काल में यद्यपि शेखावाटी पर प्रत्यक्ष ब्रिटिश शासन नहीं था, तथापि जयपुर राज्य के माध्यम से अंग्रेजों का प्रभाव बना रहा। इस काल में किसान आंदोलनों और सामाजिक संघर्षों ने राजनीतिक चेतना को बढ़ावा दिया। स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में भी इस क्षेत्र के नेताओं और जनता ने सक्रिय भूमिका निभाई। अंततः स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के पश्चात 30 मार्च 1949 को राजस्थान के गठन के साथ झुंझुनू जिला एक प्रशासनिक इकाई के रूप में स्थापित हुआ। इस प्रकार झुंझुनू का इतिहास राजनीतिक परिवर्तन, सामाजिक संघर्ष और सांस्कृतिक विकास की समृद्ध परंपरा को प्रतिबिंबित करता है।
झुंझुनू, शेखावाटी, शेखावत वंश, कायमखानी शासन, राजस्थान का इतिहास, किसान आंदोलन, स्वतंत्रता संग्राम, जयपुर राज्य, राजस्थान निर्माण।
Challenging Patriarchal Misogyny: A Feminist Analysis of the Selected Works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Jamaica Kincaid
The research paper conducts a comparative feminist literary analysis which studies selected works of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Jamaica Kincaid to show how both authors use their cultural and postcolonial backgrounds to fight against patriarchal misogyny. The paper shows how both writers use displacement and voice and resistance as literary techniques to make female subjectivity the main focus of their stories from its previous position as a secondary element. The paper analyzes domestic violence and colonial legacy and sexual politics and maternal ambivalence and self-determination through postcolonial feminist theory and intersectionality and gender studies. The analysis shows that Adichie and Kincaid belong to separate geographic and cultural backgrounds because they come from Nigeria and Antigua but their fictional and essay works both work to decolonize gender norms while they show new ways for women to exercise power that goes beyond patriarchal restrictions.
Patriarchal Misogyny, female agency, African literature, feminist theory.
Challenges of Hindi-Medium Education in Private Schools
Language is very important in school, and teaching in the student's first language helps them understand, participate, and learn better. Hindi is widely spoken in India, but English is often the language of instruction. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 says that mother tongue or regional languages, like Hindi, should be used, especially in primary school. This study looks at the needs and problems that teachers face when using Hindi as a language of instruction. We used a descriptive mixed-method design with 80 teachers from private schools who were chosen on purpose. We used a structured questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions to gather data. Some of the biggest problems are a lack of trained teachers (86.66%), poor infrastructure (90%), a lack of good materials (60%), a lack of digital content (76%), parents' preference for English (93.66%), low student confidence (73.66%), translation problems (70%), a lack of job opportunities (76.66%), and problems teaching STEM subjects in Hindi (63.33%). The study stresses the importance of training teachers, providing high-quality resources, making parents aware, and using the same terms. Under NEP 2020, promoting Hindi-medium instruction helps with fairness, inclusion, and good learning.
NEP 2020, Hindi-medium instruction, mother-tongue education, teacher perspectives, and language problems
Assessment of Nonylphenol-Induced Endocrine Disruption in Carp (Cyprinidae): Biochemical, Histopathological and Molecular Investigations
Nonylphenol (NP) exists as a worldwide Xeno estrogenic pollutant which emerges from the breakdown of non-ionic surfactants and presents significant ecological dangers to freshwater habitats. The study examined how NP disrupts hormone systems in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after testing three different environmental exposure durations which used three different test concentrations (5, 25, and 100 µg/L). The study used biochemical methods to show that hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities experienced significant disruptions while the study measured lipid peroxidation levels. The histopathological analysis of gonadal, hepatic, and renal tissues revealed concentration-dependent degeneration which included intersex conditions and hepatocyte vacuolation and glomerular damage. The molecular research detected male specimens who showed increased vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression at 100 µg/L up to 34 times. The research findings show multiple mechanistic pathways through which NP functions as an endocrine disruptor in cyprinid fish which will affect surfactant metabolites risk assessment methods used in freshwater environments.
Nonylphenol, Ecological, Polyethoxylate, Biochemical, Lipid Peroxidation
Spatio-temporal Changes of Land Use Land Cover in Bolpur Municipality: A Study in Urban Geography
This research aims to explore the changes that have occurred in the landscape of Bolpur Municipality regions because of rapid urbanization, population growth, and development in the period from 1950 to 2025. By using the combination of Remote Sensing and GIS, it analyzed the changes in the land use of the region by satellite images taken at various times. The results show that there is a trend – in the past thirty years, a large area of agricultural land and forests has been transformed into residential and developed land. The only category of land use that is truly increasing is land under buildings, but this is at the cost of agricultural land and natural beauty. The growth is driven by the development of infrastructure that is a result of policies aimed at economic freedom, the development of the tourism and education sectors (which is associated with Santiniketan), and the consequent movement of people into the area from the surrounding rural areas. The study indicates that to reduce the negative effects of the changes in the use of land and achieve balanced development in the future, it is important to have proper urban planning that is centered on environmental sustainability.
Rapid urbanization, Land use, Satellite images, Development, Urban planning.